Abstract: The U.S. nuclear physics community is at the beginning of its Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science process, taking place every 6-8 years. The goal of the planning process is to identify the priorities for the field going forward, including its scientific direction and investments in major detectors or facilities.
: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be the leading next-generation particle project in the US. It aims to measure CP violation in the neutrino sector and determine the mass ordering of neutrinos. These measurements are straightforward conceptually but challenging practically. One outstanding issue is the modeling of GeV neutrino-nucleus interaction. With a lack of a proper theoretical framework, it is not only difficult to simulate neutrino events in the detector accurately but also difficult to assess its impact on the physics measurements.
Exploring the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram has been the goal of extraordinary research efforts from theory and experiment alike. Knowledge of the QCD equation of state at finite temperature and density is crucial to support simulations of heavy-ion collisions. Although lattice simulations are the main tool of investigation for QCD thermodynamics, the determination of the equation of state of QCD at finite chemical potential from direct simulations is hindered by the fermion sign problem.
The Simons Observatory is a next generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) observatory sited at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile, scheduled to begin site commissioning in early 2023. It consists of three low angular resolution telescopes dedicated to measuring the degree scale B-mode signal generated from gravitational waves during inflation and one high angular resolution telescope focused on measuring secondary arcminute scale effects.
Evidence for the existence of dark matter abounds in the study of astrophysical phenomena. Nevertheless, a dark matter candidate has yet to be explicitly identified. Direct detection of such a particle would point to physics beyond the Standard Model. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) is searching for a wave-like dark matter candidate in the form of an axion. Such a candidate could resolve not only the dark matter problem, but also the strong CP problem.
Understanding gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics is one of the great challenges in modern physics. Along this line, a prime question is to find whether gravity is a quantum entity subject to the rules of quantum mechanics. It is fair to say that there are no feasible ideas yet to test the quantum coherent behaviour of gravity directly in a laboratory experiment. Here, we introduce an idea for such a test based on the principle that two objects cannot be entangled without a quantum mediator.
Noble liquid time projection chambers are ubiquitously used to search for rare events such
as neutrinoless double beta decay or dark matter interactions. A detailed understanding of
light and charge transport in liquid xenon is of the utmost importance when modeling the
performance of these experiments.
In this talk I will present the design and physics reach of the proposed nEXO experiment,
Nuclei with equal number of baryons but varying proton number (isobars) have many commonalities, but differ in both electric charge and nuclear structure. Relativistic collisions of such isobars provide unique opportunities to study the variation of the magnetic field, provided the nuclear structure is well understood. In this Letter we simulate collisions using several state-of-the-art parametrizations of the Zr and Ru isobars and show that a comparison with the exciting STAR measurement arXiv:2109.00131 of ultrarelativistic collisions can uniquely identify the structure of both isobars.
Stress-induced voiding (SIV) is amongst the most commonly reported defects in metallic systems used as interconnects in electronic devices. Apart from the development of novel materials, these degradation effects are crucial for the understanding of the properties of nanocrystals. Hydrogen along with other impurities like O, S and C, play a crucial role in metal embrittlement and can be detrimental to the performance of these devices. In addition, the inclusion of metallic dopants is expected to inhibit the effects of non-metallic impurities.
Measurements of the substructure of high-momentum jets produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions give insight into fundamental aspects of QCD, from the production of highly virtual partons, to their subsequent radiation and hadronization. Additionally, once the evolution of jets in vacuum is calibrated, it is possible to study potential modification to jet substructure due to interaction with the cold nuclear medium present in proton-gold (pAu) collisions.
